Year: 2000

Order of St. John

Order of St. John

by Justin Durand

Early History

The Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem was founded sometime before 1099 — perhaps as early as 1020 — as a hospice in Jerusalem to aid pilgrims to the Holy Land. The beginning of the First Crusade in 1099 began to change the character of the hospice. In 1113 Pope Pascal II issued a bull establishing a hospitaller order under the patronage of St. John the Baptist, with Bl. Gerard as its head. By 1126 the Order had begun to take a military role in defense of pilgrims. In 1142 the Order acquired Krak-des-Chevaliers, its famous headquarters in Palestine. Thereafter, the Order took a leading role, with the Templars and the Order of Saint Lazarus, in the defense of the Crusader kingdoms in Palestine.

When the Crusader kingdoms collapsed after the Fall of Jerusalem on 2 October 1187, the Order retreated to Cyprus. Tripoli fell to Islam on 26 April 1289. On 18 May 1291 St. Jean d’Acre fell. It was the last remaining Christian stronghold in the Holy Land. The Christian states of Europe did not succeed again in achieving hegemony there until the Fall of the Ottoman Empire in the 19th century.

In 1310 the Order retreated to Rhodes, and in 1530 to Malta. With the loss of Palestine, the crusading orders lost their focus, becoming increasingly aristocratic. The Bl. Gerard had been Rector of the Order (1100-1118). His successor Bl. Raymond du Puy was Master (1125-1158). Roger de Moulins, in the last days at Jerusalem became the first Grand Master (1183-1187). Philippe de Villiers de L’Isle Adam, who presided over the retreat to Malta, was the first to regularly use the style Excellency. In 1572 the Grand Master began to use a coronet in his coat of arms. In 1601 Alof de Vignacourt assumed the title Prince Grand Master and the style Serene Highness. In 1630 Prince Grand Master Antoine de Paule was granted the style Eminence, normally reserved to Cardinals. In 1741 his successor Manoel Pinto de Fonceca adopted the style Eminent Highness and began to use a closed (sovereign) crown in his coat of arms. Malta itself became a city of palaces.

Suppression of Protestants

During and after the Reformation the Order lost Protestant members through both expulsion and disaffection. The Order’s property was confiscated in England (1540) and Scotland (1564). The German Bailiwick of Brandenburg became Protestant in 1577 but continued as part of the Order until 1812.

Surrender

In 1798 the Order surrendered the island of Malta to Napoléon. The following years were confusing. A part of the Order — now recognized as having been the legitimate body of the Order — went to Sicily, in 1826 to Ferrara, then in 1834 to Rome, where it found a permanent home.

The original Order of Malta, recognized as such by the Holy See, has retained its sovereignty in international law with extraterritorial sovereignty over its headquarters at Palazzo di Malta in Rome. The Order has diplomatic representatives in 81 countries and has Permanent Observer status at the United Nations General Assembly. The current Prince and Grand Master is Frà Matthew Festing (2008- ). He has diplomatic precedence as a head of state, nobiliary precedence as a prince, and ecclesiastical precedence equal to a cardinal.

Confusion

After the fall of Malta, during the period of Napoléonic ascendancy, many splinter groups arose, typically along national lines. Although some of these survive, they are not sovereign, and many are not considered to be legitimate survivals.

Russia

After the fall of Malta to Napoléon in 1798 Czar Paul I assumed protection of the Order’s knights in Russia and was elected Grand Master. His action was not sanctioned by the Holy See. In 1810 Czar Alexander I seized the Order’s property in Russia and discontinued appointing new knights. The surviving knights — perhaps — took steps to preserve their part of the Order, giving rise to several splinter groups.

Prussia

In 1812 the King of Prussia founded the Royal Prussian Order of Saint John, which incorporated the Protestant members of the Sovereign Order. In 1853, it was reconstituted as the Bailiwick of Brandenburg (”Die Balley Brandenburg des ritterlichen Ordens St Johannis vom Spital zu Jerusalem”). It became the mother group for Protestant orders of St. John throughout Europe organized along national lines. Thus, it is now commonly called the German Johanniter Order and its daughter orders are also Johanniter orders. In the German order, noble proofs are not required to become a knight, but membership is limited to members of the Lutheran and Reformed faiths.

France

After the restoration of the Bourbons to the throne of France in 1815, the French knights organized a Capitular Commission to order their affairs. The Commission admitted new members, which were then confirmed by the Sovereign Order. However, the Commission admitted Protestant members in contravention of the statutes of the Order. A conflict developed between the Commission and the Order by 1817. In 1824 the French government dissolved the Commission. Nevertheless, the Commission continued to operate until 1830. Thereafter, the members recognized by the Sovereign Order presumably submitted to it, while those not so recognized attempted to continue as a splinter group.

United Kingdom

English knights admitted by the French Capitular Commission organized themselves into an English splinter group. It received a royal charter from Queen Victoria in 1888 as the Most Venerable Order of St. John. The current Grand Master is HRH Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester.

Scotland

In 1797 a group of Scottish Knights of Malta allied themselves to the Orange order under the name of the Royal Black Association of the Religious and Military Order, Knights of Malta. In 1807 HRH Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland was elected Grand Master in separate elections by both organizations, but then resigned in 1820 following a parliamentary inquiry. He became King of Hanover in 1837.

The patronage of a royal prince gave an aura of legitimacy, but the origin of the Scottish body is not clear. It seems likely they were originally a quasi-Masonic organization who accepted Chevalier Ramsay’s assertion the Scottish Hospitallers survived the dissolution of the Order in 1564 by entering Freemasonry.

The Scottish order established branches in Canada (1829), England (1842), Australia (1868), and the United States (1874). These branches gave rise to dozens of splinter groups of varying character, some as nobiliary associations, some as confraternities, and some as simple fraternal orders.

United States and Canada

A branch of the Scottish group in Canada and the United States, called the Knights of St. John and Malta, has similarly given rise to many splinter groups, including the Hospitaller Order of St. John of Jerusalem, Knights Hospitaller. My grandfather George W. Carroll Place was Commander 1914-1958 of Rock Island Commandery in the Knights of St. John and Malta.

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Haplogroup V

Haplogroup V

by Justin Durand ♥ 1 Comment

Modern humans as well as extinct Neanderthals share a common ancestor who lived about 500 thousand years ago (~25 thousand generations).

Mitochondrial Eve

All humans living today descend in the female line from a woman nicknamed “Mitochondrial Eve.” This unknown woman probably lived in Africa, perhaps in Kenya, Tanzania or Ethiopia, probably about 150 thousand years ago (~7,500 generations). Mitochondrial Eve wasn’t the only human female in her generation — some scientists think that she belonged to a human population of about 2,000 people. The other women of her time certainly have descendants living today, but she was the only of them who has  female-line descendants living today. At different points in time, the female-line descendants of all her contemporaries left only sons, so their female lines became extinct.

Lara Clan

One of Mitochondrial Eve’s descendants in the female line was an unknown woman, nicknamed “Lara,” who lived in Africa, probably south of the Sahara Desert. Lara became the female line ancestor of everyone whose mtDNA belongs to Haplogroup L. Her descendants separated into groups now labeled L0 through L7.

The ancestor of the L3 group was an unknown woman who lived in the Middle East or Egypt about 100 thousand years ago (~5,000 generations). She has many descendants in Africa, but some of her descendants left Africa, so she became the female-line ancestor of all Asians, Europeans, aboriginal Australians and aboriginal Americans.

Humans exhibit less genetic diversity than would expected for our age as a species; far less than our closest primate cousins, the chimpanzees. Some scientists believe that humans nearly became extinct about 70 thousand years ago (~3,500 generations) when the Toba super-volcano erupted in Indonesia, triggering an environmental catastrophe. According to this theory, the human population might have been reduced to a few thousand people, perhaps as few as 1,000, thereby losing genetic diversity.

N Clan

The N clan is one of the branches of the L3 clan. It is believed to have originated with a woman who lived in Africa about 80 – 60 thousand years ago (~4,000 – 3,000 generations). She is the ancestor of nearly all Europeans and aboriginal Australians, and many Asians and aboriginal Americans.

R Clan

The R clan is one of the branches of the N Clan. The first woman with this mutation probably lived about 60 thousand years ago (~3,000 generations) in the Middle East. She became the maternal ancestor of six of the seven European haplogroups. (Haplogroup X is a sister rather than daughter clan of Haplogroup R.)

HV Clan

The HV clan originated about 30 thousand years ago (~1,500 generations) during the Upper Paleolithic Era (Old Stone Age). With the Ursula clan, they formed the Cro-Magnons, who produced the famous cave art in southern France. They shared territory with the Neanderthals, another branch of humans, who died out 27,000 years ago (~1.350 generations). During the last Ice Age the HV clan and Ursula clan retreated to what is now Spain, called the “Western Refugium.” Other European clans retreated to Italy, the Balkans and the Ukraine during the same period. The HV clan was the ancestral clan of both the Helena and Velda clans.

Velda Clan

The Velda clan is one of the branches of the HV clan. The unknown woman we call Velda (Scandinavia for “ruler”) probably lived about 17,000 years ago (~850 generations) in the limestone hills of Cantabria in northwest Spain. It would be a mistake to think of the Velda clan as ever having a separate identity as a group. There would have been nothing to set Velda apart from the other women of her tribe. Her relatives and her own immediate descendants undoubtedly married into other groups. Her female-line descendants would have fanned out into many tribes in the same region. The Basques are probably a surviving remnant of the Ursula and Velda clans.

When the glaciers melted, about 16 thousand years ago (~800 generations), humans once again spread out  through Europe. Descendants of the Velda clan migrated north along the coast of Spain into the plains of Gascony. One group of them reached the Norwegian seaboard, where they joined with people from arctic Russia to become the Sámi. Some of them, however, went south and are now found in Algeria. Because the Velda clan originated in the Spain, Haplogroup V is a marker for the spread of humans from Spain into Europe and Africa after the last Ice Age.

About 12 thousand years ago (~600 generations), members of the Velda clan (with the Ursula, Helena and Tara clans) reached the British Isles, probably coming across a land bridge that existed then. Farming came later, brought to Europe from Syria during the Neolithic Era, about 8,000 years ago (~400 generations). The so-called “races” emerged only about 5,000 years ago (~250 generations).

Until the European expansion of the 16th and 17th centuries, the Velda clan was nearly restricted to western, central and northern Europe where it accounts for about 4% of the population. It is most common among the Basques of Spain (12%) and the Skolt Sámi of Scandinavia (50%).

Hauri

Hauri

by Justin Durand

by Dr. Peter Steiner

Der Ursprung des heute vor allem im Aargau beheimateten Geschlechtes liegt im Kanton Luzern. Der erste bekannte “Houri,” taucht in den Quellen 1313 in Beromünster auf. Früh lebte das Geschlecht auch in Sursee. Von diesen Orten aus muss es sich ins Seetal (schon 1454 in Seon bezeugt), ins Wynental (1470 in Reinach) und ins Suhrental (1500 in Staffelbach) verbreitet haben. Sowohl in Reinach als in Staffelbach scheinen sich die Hauri von Anfang an als Müller betägtigt zu haben, was auf die enge Verwandtschaft der beiden Zweige deutet.

Der Stammvater der Reinacher Hauri hiess Welti. Schon bejahrt, trat er 1470 in Sursee als Kundschafter auf. Er erinnerte sich, dass einst die Herrschaft Osteirrelch fiber die Stadt regiert hatte, und er gab an, sein Vater sei vor Zeiten Landvogt des Michelsamtes gewesen2. 1481 finden wir einen Welti Hauri, wohl Sohn des erstgenannten, im Reinacher Richterkollegium. 1489 errichtete dieser gicich der Miihie gegenuber das möglicheeweise erste steinerne Wohnhaus des Dorfes. In den Ausmassen noch bescheiden, stelite es den Kern des nachmatigen Schneggen dar (Nr. 18). Es karn an die Stelle eines mittelalterlichen Gebiiudes zu stehen, das bereits den Namen ho. f by der oberen bruckgetragen hatte*.

* Es hat sich ein Ziegel aus dem Baujahr 1489 erhalten (Sammiung der Historischen Vereinigung Wynental). NZeres fiber den Schneggen und seinen Vorliiufer ist nachzulesen in Steiner, Schneggen.

Welti junior scheint zwei Söhne besessen zu haben, einen oft erwiihnten Heini und einen in einer einzigen Quelle zweimat aufgefiihrten Hans. Heini Houri (I 500 ca. 15 30) ilbernahm wiederholt eine Zehntpacht und wirkte sicher 1519, vermutlich auch 1507 und 15 22 am Reinacher Gericht mit3. Miiller war wohl sein Bruder Hans. Heini wohnte niimlich im Mitteldorf (wahrsch. Nr. 123), w;ihrend Hans Eigentiimer des vona Vater erbauten Hauri-Stammhauses gewesen scin diirfte4. Nachfolger im Besitz von Miihle und Hof wurde Welti Houri 111. (genannt seit 1520, + 15 57158), der mutmassliche Sohn von Hans. Scit 15 27 wird er ausdriicklich als Miiilet erwiihnr. In den 30er und 40erjahren bekleidete er rnehrmals das Untervogtsamt; zwischenhinein (1537) trat er als einfacher Richter <@ins Glied zuriick-5. Zu den viterlichen Giitem erwaxb er um 1545 weitere, zu denen ein Haus im heutigen Stumpenbach (Nr. 33+)gehi5rce. Im Bereich von Miihieund Hof bei der oberen Briicke verfiigten er und seine Nachkommen fiber ausgedehnten, zusammerdtingenden Gnmdbesitz. Westlich der Landstrasse erstreckte er sich von der Angelgasse bis hinauf zum Giipf-weg (Winkelstrasse); auf der dstlichen Seite reichte er zwischen Strasse und Wyna mit heutigen Gebiiuden gesprochen von der Bank in Reinach bis zurn Niihcenter Ddssegger und jenseits der Wyna vom Wynenhof bis zur Spitaistrasse. Die Hauri dominierten fiber mehrere Generationen hinweg den oberen Teil des Oberdorfes besitzmiissig vollstindig. Selbstverstandlich gehbrten zu ihrer Besitzmasw auch zahireiche fiber die drei Zeigen verstreute Acker.

Weltis Erbe und Nachfolger im Müllerberuf wurde sein Sohn Galli Howri (1552, + 1571/72). Auch er stieg wiederholt ins Untervogtsamt auf. Seine Söhne waren Fridli und Hans; von den Töchtern erwähnen wir Margret. Die Geschwister scheinen infolge verwandtschaftlicher Beziehungen mit den Gerig irn Steckhof Burg g. @nz oder teilweise in den Besitz dieses Hofes gekommen zu sein. Fridii wohnte voräbergehend auch dort (1574). Als die Schwester Alargret 1575 den vom Bazberg stammenden Martin Burger heiratete, äberliessen die Gebrdder Hauri den Burghof offemichtlich dem jungen Ehepaar. Fridli bebaute von da an den Gäpfhof, den sich die Hauri ebenfalls gesichm hatten8. Die Bffider Fridli (* um 1550, + nach 1618) und Hans Hauri begäindeten zwei Familienzwcige, wobei derj@ge von Hans wirmhaftfich-sozial und zahlenm. 4ssig der bed4@uteädere wurde. Der Reichtum des Geschlechts scheint sich auf Hans und seine Nachkonimen konzentriert zu haben. Fridli hatte offei-. bar keinen Anteil am Miffleqewerbe, und sein Sohn Galli (*ca. 1570) starb 1632/33 bt:-reits als Tauner*. Bezeichnenderweise beklel;deten weder Fridli noch Ga. Hi Dorfimter. Gailis Sohn Raddf(* 1604, + 1674), Kilruecä oder auch Häbefruedi genannt, besass auss! c dem vom Grossvater ererbien Gäpfhof (nui Haus auf dem Häbel oder -by dem Elenden Creätz>>) mit dem zugehörigen Baumgarten kaum viel Iand9. Von seinen fänf Söhnen aus drei verschiedenen Ehen blieben die drei alte. ren ohne Nachkoinmen, und der vierte start 15jihrig. So blieb einzig Ueli (* 1665), der jilngste, äbrig. Doch dieser geriet infolge seiner Armut auf die schiefe Bahn und wurde 1698 als Berufsdieb zum Tode verurteilt (S. 240 ff. ). Es ist unter diewn Umst. 4nden ungcwiss, ob Fridli Hauris Zweig damit nicht erlosch. Uelis Frau hatte zwar mehrere Kinder geboren, abet deren Scbicksal liegt im dunkein. Ob der 1697 in Regensdorf getauft-e Heinrich den Zweig in Reinach fortsetzte? Er könnte nämlich identisch gewesen scin mit Heinrich Hauri-Heiz (1720), genannt der Kleine, der genealogisch nicht sicher einzuordnen ist.

* Gallis jüngerer Bruder Ulrich (* 1591) zog nach Menznau LU weg, wo er vor September 1618 zuni Katholizismus konverrierte (Zeimhrift fdr Schweiz. Kirchengeschichte 1936,12).

[Illustration] Der Schneggen erhieltfeine mdgwtige Gestalt 1604-1606 durck Untemogt Hans Hauri. Die 1988 nach der Restauration entstandene Agfnahme gibt den ursprafnglichen Zastand besser wieder als dltere Form.

Hans Hauri (* 1556, + 1625/26), der Begründer des jidngeren Familienzweiges, war zweifellos die markanteste Persbalichkeit seines Geschlechts. Als Mijiler und Grossbauer, Tavernenbesitzer, Eigentdmer einer Schmiede und Zinsbezäger von Gütern in Beinwil (16 1/2 Stuck), im Wilhof (5 Stuck) und in Niederwil (4 1/2 Stuck) war er der reichste Reinacher seiner Zeitl(. Es vervvändert uns nicht, dass er auch im Dorfleben die erste Rolle spielte. Von 1586 bis 1620 wurde er mit einem Unterbruch von 8 Jahren immer wieder als Untervogr gewihit. Als solcher war er auch Obmann des Chorgerichts. Seit 1601 standen er und sein Sohn Ruedi der neugegrändeten Reinacher Feuer wehr als Feuermeister vorll. Hans Hauri verdankte seine äberragende Stellung nicht nur der Abstammung von begäterten und reichen Ettern, sondern ebensosehr der persbnlichen Initiative und einem zlhen Behauptungswillen. Selbst die nächsten Verwandten mussten sich neben ihm ducken, so offenbar sein Bruder Fridli und im Mähiestreit von 1592 (S. 133) sein Schwager Martin Burger. Auch das ererbte Wohnhaus vis-@L-vis der Mähie solite von Macht uxid Reichtum seines Besitzers känden. Sch-on 1583 gab Hauri einen Erweiterungsbau nach Westen in Auftrag. In these Bauetappe gehart das Sffibchen im Erdgeschoss mit den feinen Nussbaumintarsien (Foto S. 110). Den entscheidenden Ausbau aber veranwste der Dorfgewaltige 1604: Nun wuchs das Gebiude gegen Säden zu doppelter Breite an und wurde dutch den vorgesetzten Turm mit der gewundenen Treppe zum Schneggen. Stolz schtnäckte der Untervogt sein Haus auch mit dem persönlichen Wappen, zuerst im Intarsienstäbchm (I 586, Foro S. II 0), dann aussen fiber dem Turmeingang (1605). Es war vermutlich das erste Mal, dass ein Reinacher Familienwappen verwendete.

[Illustration] Wappen des Schaeggen-Erbauers Hans Hauri mber dem Eingang zaem Turm, von 1605. Aafnahme 1960.

Von Hans Hauris vier Sohnen starben die cirei älteren, Rudolf, Hans Heinrich und Franz, verhiltnismissig jung, wobel nur der letztgenannte einen mnnnlichen Erben hintertiess. So war es dem iiingsten Sohn Jacob (* 1604) vorbehalten, das vaterliche Erbe anzutreten. Von spiitestens 1638 war er bis an sein Lebensende Untervogt. Das Amt blieb nun wie ein vererbbares Recht bis ins friihe 18. jahrhundert in der Farnilie Hauri. In einer Beziehung iibertrafjacob scinen Vater: Ihm wurde als einzigem Reinacher in der Berner Zeit die Ebre zuteil, zum Lenzburget Grafschaftsuntervogt aufzusteigen, zum Stelivertreter des Iandvogts also.

Auch Jacob Hauri besass vier Söhne, wovon Rudolf (* 1622) 1650 nach Seengen wegzog. Er begriindete dort einen eigenen Familienzwei mit einem Seltentrieb in Frankreichl2. Unter den iibrigen Briidem wurde eine Teilung des Besitzes unvermeidlich. Jacob 11. (* 1628) und Hans (* 1634) iibernahmen je eine Schneggenhiilfte, I-Ieinrich (* 1642) die Midhie. Siidlich davon erbaute sich dieser 1688 als neuen Wohnsitz den Kicinen Schneggen oder das Schneggli (Nr. 16, Foto S. 211)13. Wdhrend Jacob keine hbheren Amter bekleidete, waren Hans und Heinrich nacheinander Untervogt.

Das Geschlecht, das fiber viele Generationen zur Hauptsache auf einem Triiger beruht hatte, vermehrte sich nun sehr rasch. Nicht weniger als 5 Sbhne von Jacob, 4 von Hans urid 2 von Heinrich setzten es in Reinach fort. Ein weiterer Sohn von Heinrich, Hans (* 1673), iibersiedette auf die untere Miihle in Lenzburg und wurde zum Biirger der Stadtl4. Den Mdllerberuf in Reinach iibte dessen gterer Bruderjacob HauriSuter (* 1662), weiter aus. Die Söhne von Jacob 11. und Hans mussten sich zum guten Tell nach neuen Wohnsitzen umschen, da neun kinderreiche Familien auch im gergumigen Schneggen nicht Platz hatten. Zum Teit waren noch ihre Vdter fdr Hduser besorgst, zum Teil kauften oder errichteten die jungen EhemFLnner ihr ffeim selber. Es waren keine Turrnbauten mehr, sondern gewijhnliche Bauernhiiuser. Von Jacobs Sdhnen zog der iilteste, Rudolf, in den Alzbach, der zweitiilteste, Jacob, ins Haus seiner Frau in den Holenweg. lhre Bridder und Vettern blieben lm Oberdorf, verliessen aber den Schneggen nach und nach ebenfalls. Jacobs jiingste Söhne, Heinrich (Ehefrau Elsbech Eichenberger) und Barchi kauften die Nachbarhiiuser im Siiden des Schneggen (Nr. 15 und Nr. 12). Der mittlere Sohn Samuel liess sich in einem Neubau rechts der Wyna nieder (Nr. 133 in der Gegend des heutigen Wynenhofes). Gleichfalls einen Neubau bezogen zwei Söhne von Hans, Jacob Hauri

[Illustration] All. ,anzsche. rhe du Grafschaftsunte?wgtsjacob Haury umd seiner Ebefrau Verena Keller ton 1660. Oben sindfifr den Muller u-ichitge Tatzgkeiten dargeittlit Pflugen undnfablen. Die Scheibe befindtt sich im Fine Arts Museum in San Francisco. (Reprodmktionsbet@41ligmng vom 15. 8. 1995).

Fischer und Rudolf Hauri-Meier (Nr. 139 an der Bromenstrasse), ebenso ihr Bruder Ham f4auri-Eichenberger (Nr. 134 jenseits der giihie). Der vierce Sohn von Hans, Heinrich Hauri-Hediger, erbaute das erste Haus in der Schoren, was seinen Nachkommen den Zunarnen Schorenbauers eintrug, auch wean sic lgngst anderswo wohnten. Am lgngsten im Schneggen, bis 1728, lebte Mailer Heinrichs jiingster Sohn Heinrich (Ehefrau Susanna Eichenberger). Vbllig verarmt landete dieser abet schliesslich in einem bescheidenen Hausanteil im Winkel (Nr. 7)15.

Die starke Vermehrung des Geschlechts war dem Hauri-Vermbgen schlecht bekommen. Erbteilungen hatten es in kleine Teile zersplittert. So vermochte schliesslich kein Familienmitglied den Schneggen mehr zu hatten. Nicht besser ging es mit der MiiWe, die durch den Auskauf von Geschwlsmm finanziell stark belaster war. Immer weitere Hypotheken mussten aufgenommen werden. Nach dem Tod von Jacob Hauri-Suter (I 609 oder 16 1 0) folgren dessen Söhne Heinrich und Hans joggeli als Mailer nachl6. Schon 1714 eriagen sic der unertriiglich gewordenen Schuldenlast, und die Miihle seit 2 50 jahren in der Familic ging gantweise in fremde Hiinde fiber (S. 133). Heinrich Hauri verliess Reinach, wo er keine Verdienstmöglichkeit mehr sah, und verzog sich mit seiner Familie ftir 20 Jahre ins Elsass.

Der wirtschaftliche Niedergang der Hauri wirkte sich auch auf ibre Stellung im Dorf aus. Als Untervogt Heinrich 1707 garb, war es mit der Hauri-Dynastie zu Ende; der Gerichtsstab ging ftir immer an andere Familien fiber. Der erste neue Untervogt war immerhin ein Verwandter, der Schwiegervater eines Hauri. Ganz verschwanden anch die Hauri selber nicht aus dern dffentlichen Leben. Fiir fast 90 jahre (bis 1795) und fiber drei Generationen konnte sich die Linie von Hans Hauri-Eichenberger md das bescheidenere Amt des Gerichtsweibels nochmals eine Art Erbrecht sichern. 1705-1741 war Heinrich Hauri, ein sechster, verrnutlich unverheirateter Sohn von Jacob II. , auch C-icrichtssiisse. Doch die grossen Zeiten der Hauri waren vorbel. Nur drei familieneigene Stilhle im Chor der Reinacher Kirche erinnerten bis weit ins 20. jahrhundert hincin (Innenrenovation der 60er jahre) an ihre einstige Machtstellungl7.

[Illustration] Hans Hauri-Gautschi, 1875-1948, Negotiant, T,schm. che,-Zu,e,g

[Illustration] Ernst Hauri, 1874-195 7, Lehrer, Samuels, Schneiderhansen-Zweig, und seine Frau Marie Fuchs, 1880-1965, Hrinrichs, von Reinach, Schwester vm Oskar aufseite 2 92

[Illustration] Adolf Hauri-Giger, 1876-1950, Axfseher, Giger-Z-ig

Mallory

Mallory

by Justin Durand

Capt. Roger Mallory (c1630-1695), of royal descent, was an early settler of Virginia. He was granted 2,314 acres in King & Queen County in 1660. He became one of the wealthiest men the Virginia Colony when he later inherited the estate of his uncle Rev. Philip Mallory. Still later, he acquired another 4,814 acres in the colony.

Of this family, John Mallory (c1793-bef 1870) seems to have been a close relative, perhaps brother, of Valentine Mallory, of Bourbon County, Kentucky. He was also a close relative, perhaps nephew, of George Mallory, sometime Master Armorer at the federal armory at Harpers Ferry. John Mallory moved to Harrison County, Kentucky, to Vigo County, Ohio, then about 1833 to Champaign County, Illinois with his Brownfield in-laws. He served as Justice of the Peace. His wife died and in 1842 he married the widow Angeline (Hildreth) Howe. (Her first husband, Dr. George Howe, was killed in the Black Hawk War in 1832.) In 1860 John Mallory was living in Dallas County, Iowa. He died some time after that date.

John’s daughter Elizabeth Mallory (1846-1909) returned to Illinois, and married John Wilson.

Coat of Arms

Or a lion rampant Gules collared Argent. Crest: A nag’s head couped Gules. (Sir William Mallory, of Studley, Yorkshire, knighted at Oxford, 1642)

Lineal Genealogy

1. Richard Mallory (c1092-bef 1190), Lord of Walton, Bredon, Swynford and Nun Eaten.

2. Geoffrey Mallory (c1117-1189), Lord of Kirkby Mallory, Walton and Botley.

3. Sir Anketil Mallory (c1142-1187), Lord of Kirkby Mallory and Tachebrook, and Governor of Leicester Castle.

4. Henry Mallory (c1167-aft 1198), Lord of Kirkby Malory, Walton and Tachebrook. He married Isec.

5. Sir William Mallory (c1192-?), Lord of Kirkby Mallory and Tachebrook.

6. Sir Richard Mallory (c1217-?), Lord of Kirkby Mallory, Botley, Walton, Swinford and Bredon.

7. Sir William Mallory (c1247-?), Lord of Walton and Tachebrook.

8. Sir Thomas Mallory (?-1317). He married a daughter of Eudo La Zouche of Haryngworth, and Millicent de Cantelou.

9. Sir Christopher Mallory (c1315-c1378), Lord of Hutton Conyers. He married Joan Conyers (c1317-?), daughter of Sir Robert Conyers.

10. Sir William Mallory (?-1412), Lord of Hutton Conyers. He married Katherine Nunwich, daughter of Sir Ralph Nunwich.

11. William Mallory (bef 1398-?), Lord of Hutton Conyers. He married Joan de Plumpton (c1385-?), daughter of Sir William and Alice (de Gisburn) de Plumpton.

12. Sir Chrisopher Mallory (?-1427). He married Isabel (?).

13. Sir William Mallory (c1405-1475), Lord of Hutton Conyers and Studley. He married Dionysia Tempest (c1408-1452), daughter of Sir William and Alianore (de Washington) de Tempest.

14. Sir John Mallory (?-1475). He married Elizabeth Curwen, daughter of Sir William Curwen.

15. Sir William Mallory (c1455-1498). He married Joan Constable (c1458-?), daughter of John and Lora (FitzHugh) Constable.

16. Sir John Mallory (1473-1527), Lord of Studley Hutton. He married Margaret Thwaytes (c1478-1401), daughter of Edmund and Joan (?) Thwaytes.

17. Sir William Mallory (c1498-1547), Lord of Studley Conyers. He married Jane Conyers alias Norton (c1503-?), daughter of John and Margaret (Warde) Conyers alias Norton.

18. Sir William Mallory (c1525-1602), Lord of Studley Conyers, Master of the Mint in York, High Steward of Rippon (1570), Member of Parliament for Yorkshire (1585), and High Sheriff of York (1592). He married Ursula Gale (c1529-bef 1604), daughter of Geoge and Mary (Lord) Gale.

19. Rev. Thomas Mallory (c1566-1644), Dean of Chester Cathedral. He married Elizabeth Vaughn (c1570-1661), daughter of Richard and NN. (Griffin) Vaughn.

20. Rev. Thomas Mallory (1605-1671), Dean of Chester Cathedral. He married Jane (?) (c1610-1638).

21. Capt. Roger Mallory (c1630-1695), Planter in King & Queen County, Virginia. He married Jane (?) (c1636-?).

22. Roger Mallory (c1680-?), Planter in King William County, Virginia. He married Mary Holderly (c1686-?).

23. Roger Mallory (c1700-1743), Planter in Orange County, Virginia. He married Sarah Street (c1718-bef 1755).

24. Roger Mallory (c1742-1822), Planter in Fayette County, Kentucky. He married Sarah (Smith?) (c1742-?).

25. John Mallory (1759-1849), Planter in Fayette County, Kentucky. He married Samantha (Allen?) (c1762-bef 1785).

26. John T. Mallory (c1793-bef 1880, Farmer in Dallas County, Iowa. He married Angeline Hildreth (1806-1860).

27. Elizabeth Ann Mallory (1846-1909), married John C. Wilson (1832-1883).

Howery

Howery

by Justin Durand
Hauri Ancient
Ancient Arms of Hauri

The Howerys, Howrys and Howreys in America are all descendants of various immigrants from Switzerland and Germany who anglicized their surname from Hauri or Haury. The two main branches of the family in America are the Pennsylvania branch and the Virginia branch.

The Pennsylvania Howerys and Howrys are descended from Hans Hauri, a wool weaver from Schöftland in the Aargau. He was expelled from Switzerland in 1711 because he was a Mennonite. His sons Hans and Ulrich came to Pennsylvania about 1718, while his son Jacob settled in Bavaria about the same time.

The Virginia Howerys, Howrys and Howreys are descended from another Jacob Hauri (c1655-bef 1755), who came to Pennsylvania about 1737. Although genealogists do not yet agree on his ancestry, I believe he belonged to the Hauris of the Palatinate, who were descendants of a Hauri who came there from Reinach about 1660. About 1784, Jacob’s grandson, yet another Jacob, moved south from Pennsylvania into Virginia, engaged in a bit of land speculation, and founded Howrytown in Botetourt County.

My branch of the family left Virginia about 1845, and migrated west over several generations into Wisconsin, Iowa, Nebraska, and finally into Colorado and Wyoming. My grandfather owned Howery’s Jewelry in Laramie, Wyoming. My father was a rancher and western artist (under the name Ridge Durand) in Laramie. My branch of the family no longer uses the surname Howery.

Lineal Genealogy

Conrad Hauri, Knight of the Order of St. Lazarus, was living 1272 in the order’s house at Gfenn, near Zürich.Conrad Hauri was living 1282 and 1308 at Steffisburg in Bern. He was a tenant of Werner von Steffisburg in 1282. He or another Conrad was a tenant of Werner von Matten and his son-in-law Peter von Wichtrach in 1308.Nicholas Hauri was living 1303 at Steffisburg in Bern. He was a tenant of Walter ab der Matten.Ulrich Hauri was living 1310 at Jegenstorf in Bern. The Hauri property at Jegenstorf was mentioned again in 1323 and 1336.

The connected genealogy of the family begins with:

  1. Ulrich Hauri (c1283-after 1324), mentioned and 1313 and 1324 at Beromünster, Canton Lucerne, Switzerland. If he was the Ulrich who founded the family at Beromünster, then he might have been brought there by a member of the von Krauchtal, von Steffisburg or von Jegenstorf family entering the monastery. Early scholarship on this family erroneously made him the illegitimate son of an unidentified Ulrich, Count von Habsburg. Married c1310, Richenza, who was granted a fief of the cellars of Stift Beromünster in 1313.
  2. Johann Hauri (c1308-?), Burgher at Beromünster.
  3. Arnold Hauri (c1330-after 1404), Burgher at Beromünster. Kinsman of Petermann von Gundoldingen, Mayor of Lucerne, and of Henman VI von Liebegg, Knight. Married circa 1350, Berchta.
  4. Johann Hauri (c1355-c1430), Burgher at Beromünster. 1411 Vogt (Bailiff) of Beromünster as successor to his uncle Johann Weibel; 1412 Baker of Stift Beromünster with Heini von Altwis. He was a brother or cousin of Jakob Hauri, Canon of Beromünster and Prokurator for the church, who was memorialized in the early 15th century Liber Vitae of Stift Beromünster, wherein his arms are displayed with a crest, Azure a dove rising wings elevated and displayed Argent beaked and membered Gules, and for crest, a dove as in the arms.
  5. Wälti Hauri (c1381-after 1470), Burgher at Sursee, Canton Lucerne; 1470 at Reinach, Canton Aargau, where he deposed that his late father was sometime Vogt of Beromünster.
  6. Wälti Hauri (c1446-1487), Burgher at Reinach. 1481 Judge at Reinach.
  7. Heini Hauri (c1476-after 1522), Burgher at Reinach. He was a Miller at Reinach (1501), 1507, 1519, 1522 Judge at Reinach, 1515 Untervogt of Reinach [Deputy Bailiff for Reinach].
  8. Wälti Hauri (c1500-?), Miller at Reinach, 1533/35, 1539, and 1548 Untervogt of Reinach, 1537 Judge at Reinach.
  9. Galli Hauri (c1525-before 1572), Miller at Reinach, Untervogt of Reinach.
  10. Hans Hauri (1556-1625/6), Miller at Reinach, Untervogt of Reinach, 1605 built Schneggen in Reinach. The arms carved above the door are: [Azure] a dove on a trimount [vert] and in chief two mill rinds addorsed [argent]. Crest: a dove as in the arms. Supporters: two bears passant.

*** Not clear whether the later generations connect to the family at Reinach or the family at Schöftland.

  1. Hans Hauri (c1590-?), Farmer at Kirchrued, Aargau, Switzerland. Married Verena Maurer.
  2. Jakob “Joggli” Hauri (1625-?), Farmer at Rued, Aargau, Switzerland. Married 1752 Susanna Bolliger.
  3. Hans Jakob Hauri (c1674-1738), Farmer at Altenheim near Offenburg, Baden, Germany. Married 1694 Anneli Mueller.
  4. Jacob Howry (c1710-1755), Farmer at Conestoga, Pennsylvania. Married c1730, Ursula Schmidt. They came to America about 1737 from Offenburg, Baden, Germany.
  5. Jacob Howry (1734-1809), Planter at Howrytown, Virginia. 1784 removed to Botetourt County, Virginia. 1795 founded the “manor” of Howrytown, requiring a perpetual quit rent of 1 shilling per annum for each lot. Married Christina Barbara. His son Daniel Howry was ancestor of the Howrys of Howry Hundred, near Chevy Chase, Maryland.
  6. Johann Michael Howery (c1762-c1818), Planter at Christiansburg, Virginia. Married 1786, Christine Hartman, 2nd in descent from Hermann Hartman, Farmer at Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.
  7. Jacob Howery (c1788-1839), Planter at Christiansburg, Virginia. Murdered by his slaves. Married 1814, Catherine Hess, 9th in descent from Hans Hess, 1536, Farmer at Wald, Canton Zürich, Switzerland.
  8. James Howery (1817-1874), Farmer and Blacksmith at Christiansburg, Virginia, Dane County, Wisconsin, and Marion County, Iowa. Married 1839, Margaret Heidenreich, daughter of Gregory Heidenrieich, Papermaker at Green County, Tennessee.
  9. Charles Hamilton Howery (1847-1918), Farmer in Saunders County, Nebraska. Married 1875, Embrozina Wallace, 4th in descent from Anton Walliser, Farmer at Stone Arabia, Montgomery County, New York; 1760 soldier in the Royal American Regiment; 1786 a Loyalist at Iroquois, Ontario, Canada.
  10. The Rev. Elmer Philip Howery (1882-1922), Farmer and Baptist Minister in Colorado and Nebraska. Family tradition says he acquired the title “Baron de Howery,” apparently in connection with membership in an “Order of Saint John,” but the details are fuzzy. Married 1904, Elizabeth Saphrona Alloway, 5th in descent from John Alloway-Strange, 1767 Planter at Albemarle County, Virginia.
  11. Dudley Hamilton Howery, Senior (1910-1983), Rancher and Jeweler at Laramie, Wyoming. Married 1929, Evelyn Louise Horn, a Cherokee, 3rd in descent from Willson John Horne, Planter at Edgecombe County, North Carolina. D/D brand, Wyoming.
  12. Dudley Hamilton Howery, Junior (1933-2002), Rancher and Artist at Laramie, Wyoming. Also known as Tate Wakpa Wanbli, and as Ridge Earl Durand. Pejuta wicasa (medicine man), member of the Lakota Eagle Medicine Society, and hunkpa (blood brother) of the late Petaga Yuha Mani (Pete Catches), principal Eagle pejuta wicasa of the Lakota. 2/D brand, Colorado.

Some Prominent Howerys

  • James Moorman Howry (1804-1884) was one of the founders and first trustees of the University of Mississippi in 1844. Howry Hall was named for him.
  • James’ son Charles Bowen Howry (1844-1928) was an Assistant U.S. Attorney General (1893-1896) and Associate Justice of the U.S. Court of Claims (1897-1915). Charles’ descendants lived at Howry Hundred, Chevy Chase, Maryland.
  • Edward F. Howrey (1903-1996) came from Iowa. He was a founding partner of Howrey & Simon, an internationally known law firm in Washington, DC.
  • Bobby Dean Howry (1973- ) is a Major League Baseball relief pitcher for the Chicago Cubs.

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